JOURNAL OF CHILEAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Vol 64 No 1 (2019): Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society
Original Research Papers

ENHANCED ADSORPTION OF PHENOL USING ALKALINE MODIFIED ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARED FROM OLIVE STONES

PDF
  • Soudani Nouha,
  • Najar-Souissi Souad,
  • Ouederni Abdelmottalab
Soudani Nouha
Research Laboratory: Process Engineering and Industrial Systems, National School of Engineers of Gabes, University of Gabes
Najar-Souissi Souad
Research Laboratory: Process Engineering and Industrial Systems, National School of Engineers of Gabes, University of Gabes
Ouederni Abdelmottalab
Research Laboratory: Process Engineering and Industrial Systems, National School of Engineers of Gabes, University of Gabes
Published March 27, 2019
Keywords
  • Activated carbon,
  • alkaline solution,
  • surface functional groups,
  • porosity,
  • phenol adsorption
How to Cite
Nouha, S., Souad, N.-S., & Abdelmottalab, O. (2019). ENHANCED ADSORPTION OF PHENOL USING ALKALINE MODIFIED ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARED FROM OLIVE STONES. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 64(1). Retrieved from https://www.jcchems.com/index.php/JCCHEMS/article/view/1045

Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Activated carbon (AC) prepared from olive stone (OSAC) was modified separately by ammoniac (OSAC/AM) and sodium hydroxide (OSAC/H) aqueous solutions impregnation in order to improve their adsorption properties toward phenol. The raw and modified activated carbons were characterized. The porous structure was characterized using N2 adsorption at 77 K. The surface functional group characteristics were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Boehm titration, the point of zero charge (pHpzc) measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) method. The isotherms of phenol adsorption on the original and modified ACs were measured. After modification, the activated carbon showed enhanced adsorption capacity for phenol. The effect of alkaline solution concentration on adsorption process was investigated. Results showed a decrease of the microporosity of AC after alkalin treatment especially for higher solution concentration. The amounts of the surface basic groups of the modified ACs increased, in comparison with the original AC, with the increase of the alkaline concentration; however the acidic surface groups decreased. The equilibrium adsorption data were best described by Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity of phenol enhanced for ammonia and sodium hydroxide, respectively, compared with the original AC. We noted that the higher alkaline concentration the higher the adsorption capacity of AC for phenol.

PDF

References

  1. P. Girodsa, A. Dufoura, V. Fierrob, Y. Rogaumea, C. Rogaumea, A. Zoulaliana, A. Celzard, Activated carbons prepared from wood particleboard wastes: Characterisation and phenol adsorption capacities, J. Hazard. Mater. 166 (2009) 491–501.
  2. H. Polat, M. Molva, M. Polat, Capacity and mechanism of phenol adsorption on lignite, Int. J. Miner. Process. 79 (2006) 264–273.
  3. V. Gomez-Serrano, M. Acedo-Ramos, A.J. Lopez-Peinado, C. Valenzuela- Calahorrro, Mass and surface changes of activated carbon treated with nitric acid, Thermal behavior of the samples, Thermochim. Acta. 291 (1997) 109-115.
  4. A. Khelifi, M.C. Almazán-Almazán, M. Pérez-Mendoza, M. Domingo- García, F.J. López-Domingo, L. Temdrara, F.J López-Garzón, A. Addoun, Influence of nitric acid concentration on the characteristics of active carbons obtained from a mineral coal, Fuel. Process. Technol. 91 (2010) 1338–1344.
  5. D.L. Valladares, F.R. Reinoso, G. Zgrablich, Characterization of active carbons: the influence of the method in the determination of the pore size distribution, Carbon. 36 (1998) 1491-1499.
  6. A. Veksha, E. Sasaoka, M.D. Azhar Uddin, The influence of porosity and surface oxygen groups of peat-based activated carbons on benzene adsorption from dry and humid air, Carbon. 47 (2009) 2371–2378.
  7. M. Valix, W.H. Cheung, G. McKay, Preparation of activated carbon using low temperature carbonisation and physical activation of high ash raw bagasse for acid dye adsorption, Chemosphere. 56 (2004) 493–501.
  8. T. Karthikeyan, S. Rajgopal, L.R. Miranda, Chromium(VI) adsorption from aqueous solution by Hevea brasilinesis sawdust activated carbon, J. Hazard. Mater. 124 (2005) 192–199.
  9. N. Benderdouche, B. Bestani, B. Benstaali, Z. Derriche, Enhancement of the adsorptive properties of a Salsola vermiculata desert species, Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. 21 (2003) 739–750.
  10. N.T Abdel-ghani, G.A El-Chaghaby, S. A. Rawash, E.C. Lima: adsorption of coomassie brilliant blue r-250 dye onto novel activated carbon prepared from nigella sativa l. waste: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics running title: adsorption of brilliant blue dye onto nigella sativa l. waste activated carbon. J. Chil. Chem. Soc., (2017) 3505-3511.
  11. M.J. Puchana-rosero , E.C. Lima , B. Mella , D. DA Costab , E. Poll , M. Gutterres : a coagulation-flocculation process combined with adsorption using activated carbon obtained from sludge for dye removal from tannery wastewater. J. Chil. Chem. Soc. (2018) 3867-3874.
  12. R.M. Suzuki, A.D. Andrade, J.C. Sousa, M.C. Rollemberg, Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from rice bran, Bioresource. Technol. 98 (2007) 1985–1991.
  13. I.A. Rahman, B. Saad, S. Shaidan, E.S. Rizal, Adsorption characteristics of malachite green on activated carbon derived from rice husks produced by chemical–thermal process, Bioresource. Technol. 96 (2005) 1578– 1583.
  14. Y. Sudaryanto, S.B. Hartono, W. Irawaty, H. Hindarso, S. Ismadji, High surface area activated carbon prepared from cassava peel by chemical activation, Bioresource. Technol. 97 (2006) 734–739.
  15. E. Yagmur, M. Ozmak, Z. Aktas, A novel method for production of activated carbon from waste tea by chemical activation with microwave energy, Fuel 87 (2008) 3278–3285.
  16. A. Reffas, V. Bernardet, B. David, L. Reinert, M.B. Lehocine, M. Dubois, N. Batisse, L. Duclaux, Carbons prepared from coffee grounds by H3PO4 activation: characterization and adsorption of methylene blue and Nylosan Red N-2RBL, J. Hazard. Mater. 175 (2010) 779–788.
  17. M. Benadjemia, L. Millière, L. Reinert, N. Benderdouche, L. Duclaux, Preparation, characterization and Methylene Blue adsorption of phosphoric acid activated carbons from globe artichoke leaves, Fuel. Process. Technol. 92 (2011) 1203–1212.
  18. C. Liu, X. Liang, X. Liu, Q. Wang, N. Teng, L. Zhan, R. Zhang, W. Qiao, L. Ling, Wettability modification of pitch-based spherical activated carbon by air oxidation and its effects on phenol adsorption, Appl. Surf. Sci. 254 (2008) 2659–2665.
  19. R. Considine, R. Denoyel, P. Pendleton, R. Schumann, S.H. Wong, The influence of surface chemistry on AC adsorption of 2-methylisoborneol from aqueous solution, Colloids Surf. A. 179 (2001) 271–280.
  20. D.B. Mawhinney, J.T. Yates, FTIR study of the oxidation of amorphous carbon by ozone at 300 K-Direct COOH formation, Carbon. 39 (2001) 1167–1173.
  21. M. T. Izquierdo, B. Rubio, A. Martinez de Yuso, D. Ballestero, Enhancement of nitric oxide removal by ammonia on a low-rank coal based carbon by sulphuric acid treatment, Fuel Process. Technol. 92. (2011) 362-1367.
  22. N. Soudani, S. Souissi-najar, A. Ouederni, Influence of nitric acid concentration on characteristics of olive stone based activated carbon, Chinese. J. Chem. Eng. 21 (2013) 1425-1430.
  23. W. Qiao, Y. Korai, I. Mochida, Y. Hori, T. Maeda, Preparation of an activated carbon artifact: oxidative modification of coconut shell-based carbon to improve the strength, Carbon. 40 (2002) 351–358.
  24. T. García, R. Murillo, D. Cazorla-Amorós, A.M. Mastral, A. Linares- Solano, Role of the activated carbon surface chemistry in the adsorption of phenanthrene, Carbon. 42 (2004) 1683–1689.
  25. C.R. Hall, R.J. Holmes, The preparation and properties of some activated carbons modified by treatment with phosgene or chlorine, Carbon. 3 (1992) 173-176.
  26. R. Pietrzak, P. Nowicki, H. Wachowska, The influence of oxidation with nitric acid on the preparation and properties of active carbon enriched in nitrogen, Appl. Surf. Sci. 255 (2009) 3586–3593.
  27. G.G. Stavropoulos, A.A. Zabaniotou, Production and characterization of activated carbons from olive-seed waste residue, Micropor. Mesopor. Mat. 82 (2005) 79–85.
  28. K.P. Singh, A. Malik, S. Sinha, P. Ojha, Liquid-phase adsorption of phenols using activated carbons derived from agricultural waste material, J. Hazard. Mater. 150 (2008) 626–641.
  29. M. Mazet, B. Farkhani, M. Baudu, Influence of heat or chemical treatment of activated carbon onto the adsorption of organic compounds, Wat. Res. 28 (1994) 1609-1617.
  30. E. Desimoni , G.I. Casella, A. Morone, A.M. Salvi, XPS determination of oxygen-containing functional groups on carbon-fibre surfaces and the cleaning of these surfaces, Surf. Interface. Anal. 15 (1990) 627–634.
  31. B. Stoehr, H.P. Boehm, R .Schloegl, Enhancement of the catalytic activity of activated carbons in oxidation reactions by thermal treatment with ammonia or hydrogen cyanide and observation of a superoxide species as a possible intermediate, Carbon. 29 (1991) 707–720.
  32. L. Li, S. Liu, J. Liu, Surface modification of coconut shell based activated carbon for the improvement of hydrophobic VOC removal, J. Hazard. Mater. 192 (2011) 683–690.
  33. H.L. Chiang, C.P. Huang, P.C. Chiang, The surface characteristics of activated carbon as affected by ozone and alkaline treatment, Chemosphere. 47 (2002) 257–265.
  34. F.W. Shaarani, B.H. Hameed, Ammonia-modified activated carbon for the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol, Chem. Eng. J. 169 (2011) 180–185.
  35. Z. Zhang, M. Xu, H. Wang, Z. Li, Enhancement of CO2 adsorption on high surface area activated carbon modified by N2, H2 and ammonia, Chem. Eng. J. 160 (2010) 571–577.
  36. J. Przepiórski, Enhanced adsorption of phenol from water by ammonia-treated activated carbon, J. Hazard. Mater. B135 (2006) 453–456.
  37. C. Chen, A. Ogino, X. Wang, M. Nagatsu, Oxygen functionalization of multiwall carbon nanotubes by Ar/H2O plasma treatment, Diam. Relat. Mater. 20 (2011) 153–156.
  38. H.C. Huang, D.Q. Ye, B.C. Huang, Nitrogen plasma modification of viscose-based activated carbon fibers, Surf. Coat. Tech. 201 (2007) 9533– 9540.
  39. J.H. Zhou, Z.J. Sui, J. Zhu, P. Li, D. Chen, Y.C. Dai, W.K. Yuan, Characterization of surface oxygen complexes on carbon nanofibers by TPD, XPS and FT-IR, Carbon. 45 (2007) 785-796.
  40. W. Xia, Y.M. Wang, R. Bergsträβer, S. Kundu, M. Muhler, Surface characterization of oxygen-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption, Appl. Surf. Sci. 254 (2007) 247-250.
  41. C.L. Mangun, K.R. Benak, J. Economy, K.L. Foster, Surface chemistry, pore sizes and adsorption properties of activated carbon fibers and precursors treated with ammonia, Carbon. 39 (2001) 1809–1820.
  42. J.B. Tomlinson, J.J. Freeman, C.R. Theocharis, Preparation and adsorptive properties of ammonia-activated viscose rayon chars, Carbon. (1993) 13–20.
  43. C. Jones, E. Sammann, Effect of low power plasmas on carbon fibre surfaces, Carbon. 28 (1990) 509–514.
  44. C.H. Giles, T.H. MacEwan, S.N. Nakhwa, D. Smith, Studies in adsorption. Part XI. A system of classification of solution adsorption isotherms, and its use in diagnosis of adsorption mechanisms and in measurement of specific surface areas of solids, J. Chem. Soc. 39 (1960) 3973-3993.
  45. B.C. Pan , Y. Xiong, Q. Su, A.M. Li, J.L. Chen, Q.X. Zhang, Role of amination of a polymeric adsorbent on phenol adsorption from aqueous solution, Chemosphere. 51 (2003) 953–962.
  46. F. Villacanas, M.F.R. Pereira, J.J.M. Orfao, J.L. Figueiredo, Adsorption of simple aromatic compounds on activated carbons, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 293 (2006) 128–136.
  47. M. Franz, H.A. Arafat, N.G. Pinto, Effect of chemical surface heterogeneity on the adsorption mechanism of dissolved aromatics on activated carbon, Carbon. 38 (2000) 1807–1819.
  48. I.I. Salame, T.J. Bandosz, Role of surface chemistry in adsorption of phenol on activated carbons, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 264 (2003) 307– 312.
  49. C.C. Leng, N.G. Pinto, Effects of surface properties of activated carbons on adsorption behavior of selected aromatics, Carbon. 35 (1997) 1375– 1385.
  50. O.P. Mahajan, C. Moreno-Castilla, P.L.J. Walker, Surface treated activated carbon for removal of phenol from water, Sep. Sci. Technol. 15 (1980) 1733–1740.
  51. A.A.M. Daifullah, B.S. Girgis, Impact of surface characteristics of activated carbon on adsorption of BTEX, Colloids Surf. A. 214 (2003) 181–193.
  52. J. Rivera-Utrilla, M. Sanchez-Polo, F. Carrasco-Marin, Adsorption of 1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid on activated carbon in the presence of Cd(II), Cr(III) and Hg(II): importance of electrostatic interactions, Langmuir. 19 (2003) 10857–10861.
  53. J.M.V. Nabais, J.A. Gomes, Suhas, P.J.M. Carrott, C. Laginhas, S. Roman, Phenol removal onto novel activated carbons made from lignocellulosic precursors: Influence of surface properties, J. Hazard. Mater. 167 (2009) 904–910.

Copyright @2019 | Designed by: Open Journal Systems Chile Logo Open Journal Systems Chile Support OJS, training, DOI, Indexing, Hosting OJS

Code under GNU license: OJS PKP